╱╲
                       ╱  ╲
                      ╱    ╲
                     ╱      ╲
                    ╱   ◇    ╲
                   ╱          ╲
                  ╱            ╲
                 ╱──────────────╲
                ╱________________╲
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━▶ ╱╲ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━▶
                        ╱  ╲ ━━━━━━━━━━▶
                       ╱    ╲ ━━━━━━━▶
                      ╱      ╲ ━━━━▶
                     ╱________╲ ━▶
                                

THE LUMINARIUM

A Celebration of Light

Historic Experiments

Our understanding of light comes from centuries of careful experimentation. Each experiment peeled back another layer of mystery.

Newton's Prism

1666

Isaac Newton showed white light contains all colors

A beam through glass revealed the spectrum hidden in sunlight

Young's Double Slit

1801

Thomas Young proved light behaves as a wave

Light passing through two slits creates interference patterns

Photoelectric Effect

1905

Einstein showed light comes in packets (photons)

Light ejects electrons from metal, proving particle nature

First Laser

1960

Theodore Maiman fired the first laser on May 16

Coherent light - the reason we celebrate this day

Michelson-Morley

1887

The experiment that disproved the luminiferous aether

Light speed is constant regardless of Earth's motion

Fizeau's Measurement

1849

First terrestrial measurement of light speed

A toothed wheel and a mirror 8 km away

Römer's Observation

1676

First estimate of light speed from Jupiter's moons

Light takes time to cross space - it isn't instantaneous

Foucault's Rotating Mirror

1862

Refined light speed measurement

299,796 km/s - remarkably close to modern value

The First Laser: May 16, 1960

On this date, physicist Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories achieved what many thought impossible. His ruby laser produced coherent light — photons all traveling in the same direction with the same wavelength, in phase with each other.

The acronym LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Einstein had predicted stimulated emission in 1917, but it took decades before anyone could build a working device.

Maiman's laser pulsed for only a few milliseconds, but it opened a new era. Today lasers read our music, carry our internet traffic, perform surgery, measure distances to the moon, and cut through steel. The International Day of Light (May 16) honors this breakthrough.