Over 350 species of turtles and tortoises inhabit our planet—from tiny bog turtles to massive leatherbacks, from desert tortoises to deep-diving sea turtles. Here are some remarkable representatives.
Named for their green-colored fat, these gentle giants can weigh up to 700 pounds. They're the only herbivorous sea turtle species, grazing on seagrass meadows and algae.
EndangeredThe largest living turtle species, reaching up to 2,000 pounds. Their leathery shell is unique among sea turtles. They dive deeper than any other turtle—over 4,000 feet.
VulnerableNamed for their bird-like beak, these critically endangered turtles are vital for coral reef health. Their shells display beautiful overlapping scales like stained glass.
Critically EndangeredThe most common sea turtle in U.S. waters, known for their large heads and powerful jaws that crush shellfish. They migrate thousands of miles between feeding and nesting grounds.
VulnerableAmong the largest tortoises on Earth, living over 100 years. Darwin studied them to develop his theory of evolution. Each island subspecies shows unique adaptations.
VulnerableSecond largest tortoise species, native to the Aldabra Atoll. They can live over 150 years. Jonathan, born around 1832, is the oldest known living land animal.
VulnerableNorth America's only turtle that can completely close its shell—a hinged plastron seals them inside like a box. They can live 50-100 years in the wild.
VulnerableThe most widespread turtle in North America, with brilliant yellow and red markings on their shells. They bask in groups on sunny logs, sometimes stacked three high.
Least ConcernOne of the most popular pet turtles worldwide. Native to the southern United States but now found on every continent except Antarctica due to releases.
Least ConcernAncient-looking turtles with powerful jaws that can deliver a serious bite. They've been called 'dinosaurs of the pond' and can live over 100 years.
Least ConcernKeystone species of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. They spend 95% of their lives in burrows and can go a year without water. Threatened by habitat loss.
ThreatenedMadagascar's most beautiful tortoise with striking star patterns on each scute. Critically endangered due to habitat loss and illegal pet trade.
Critically EndangeredNamed for their olive-colored shells. Famous for 'arribadas'—synchronized mass nesting events where thousands of females come ashore together.
VulnerableThe smallest and most endangered sea turtle. Found mainly in the Gulf of Mexico. Once down to just 200 nesting females, they're slowly recovering.
Critically EndangeredUnusual turtles with soft, leathery shells instead of hard scutes. Expert swimmers with snorkel-like noses. Can remain submerged for hours.
Least Concern